Pe-8 Aircraft - At the turn of 1942 and 1943, the bow rifle turret mount for two ShKAS type NEBs was replaced by a lighter and more aerodynamically streamlined and simpler one with one heavy machine gun UBT, following the example of the installation used on the Er-2.
The OKB designed and built in a short time a new, very compact and lightweight installation with good angles of fire, equipped with weight compensation and with better sealing of the gunner's cabin. February 02, 2020.
Pe-8 Aircraft
To identify their aircraft on the Pe-8, starting from the 7th series, they began to install equipment for identifying "friend or foe". The transmitter was switched on only over its territory and transmitted coded signals. ---
A second prototype was created shortly after the first one was tested. The old engines were replaced by superior AM-34FRNV engines. The fuselage was widened, as well. Also, the new aircraft came with a modified tail.
The armament was modified, with twin ShKAS guns present in the nose, nacelle and tail turrets, along with dorsal turret mounting a ShVAK, which deduced the need for a ventral gun. Another new feature of the prototype was the addition of provisions for VAP-500 and VAP-1000 gas dispensers.
The bomb bay was revised for a 5,000 kilogram FAB-5000 bomb to be loaded and dropped. The prototype made its maiden flight on July 26, 1938. The refusal to manufacture AM-35A engines in favor of AM-38 forced Nezval back in the fall of 1941 to begin the first work on converting his car to a new type of engine.
To speed up the work, it was decided to take with minimal modifications the power plant developed for the Su-2 M-82. In a short time, the OKB did all the necessary work to install new engines on the Pe-8.
From the Su-2, the engine mounts were used, its cooling system and exhaust nodding were used. In production, the necessary equipment was made for welding the motor frames and for the manufacture of elements and assembly of hoods.
The Pe-8 was originally designed to replace the aging Tupolev TB-3. The requirements dictated that the aircraft had to be able to fly at a speed of over 440 kilometers an hour. It was also required that the new bomber could have a bomb load of 2,000 kilograms, an operational range of 4,500 kilometers, and an ability to fly at an altitude of ten kilometers.
Aircraft | Glossary | U.S.S.R Petlyakov | VI-100 | Pe-2 | Pe-2 | Pe-2 M-82 | Pe-2R | Pe-2UT | DIS | DVB-102 | Pe-2I | Pe-2M | Pe-3 | Pe-8 | Pe-8 M-82 | Pe-8 "ON" |
Photos & Drawings Combat Use Combat Use | Pe-2 | Pe-2 Evolution | Pe-2R | Pe-2FT | Pe-3 | Pe-8 | 746th APDD | Tests of the Pe-8 4 × M-82 were conducted jointly with the ADD from April 3 to October 24, 1942. The first flights with new engines installed on TB 7 No.
42047 showed acceptable results. The behavior of the first Pe-8 4 M-82 was no different from the rest of the machines. It was not possible to obtain the expected increase in speed at the second speed of the supercharger;
in this mode, the M-82 worked very unstable. To resolve issues with a new power plant from the LII, which was also in Kazan during the war years, Chief Designer S.K. Tumansky, who was of great help in solving many problems with the M-82.
However, the achieved speeds were considered sufficient, focusing on achieving the greatest possible flight range. Based on the experience of two years of war, the navigator's cockpit was rearranged. Taking into account the fact that, basically, the bombings were carried out at night, the Design Bureau, at the request of the military, installed an additional NKBP-4 night collimator sight on the Pe-8, which makes it possible to quickly find
a target in a combat situation at night. At that time, criticism from the flight crew constantly came to the PS-1 sight. Considering this, the OKB replaced the PS-1 with the simpler OPB-2U, and then with the OPB-1R.
All this was introduced in 1943 on serial Pe-8s with M-82s. Originally designated the TB-7, the aircraft was renamed the Pe-8 in 1940, to conform to the new Soviet designation system. After its primary designer, Vladimir Petlyakov, died in a plane crash in 1942, development was managed by I F Nyezeval.
The type's first major mission was a raid on Berlin in mid 1941.[1] Aircraft from the second production run were powered by Charomski M-30B diesel engines producing 1,475 hp, while third production aircraft had Shvetsov ASh-82FNV-34 radial engines, each producing 1,630 hp.[2]
Supply problems complicated the aircraft's production and the Pe-8s also had engine problems. As Soviet morale boosters, they were also high-value targets for the Luftwaffe's fighter pilots. The loss rate of these aircraft, whether from mechanical failure, friendly fire, or combat, doubled between 1942 and 1944.
The Pe-8 saw service in the Great Patriotic War. A notable example of its effectiveness was when it successfully bombed the capital of Germany in August, 1941, despite the fact that the Germans were winning the war at the time.
However, the primary job of the Pe-8 was to attack German airfields, supply lines, and other areas, during the night. One was used to fly the Soviet People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Vyacheslav Molotov from the Soviet Union to the United States, in 1942.
The Petlyakov Pe-8 was a Soviet heavy bomber designed prior to World War II. It was used to boost morale, by targeting weak points in Axis lines, such as when it bombed Berlin in August 1941. Pe-8 aircraft, however, were easy targets for Luftwaffe interceptors and many were lost.
Most were withdrawn from use after World War II. All three developments were tested in September 1943 in night flights on a Pe-8 aircraft No. 42210 over the airfield of the 45th air division in Kratovo.
Flame arresters were installed on one of the motors. The smallest exhaust (flame less than 10 cm) was shown by the NII VVS flame arrester, but it was nevertheless decided to install fishtail flame arresters on the pipes of the M-82 engines, similar to the German ones.
According to the test results, the aircraft was launched into series. Until the end of the year, the plant produced another Pe-8 with M-82 (against the background of three with M-30 and 15 with AM-35A), and in the following years 1943 and 1944 all Pe-8s were built
and surrendered in part only with engines of the type M-82. On April 8, 1943, the Pe-8 4M-82 No. 42049 was adopted by the ADD as the standard of 1943. The first serial Pe-8 # 42058 entered service with the 746 Aviation Regiment in January 1943. In total, in 1943, plant number 22 produced 18 Pe-8s, and all of them
were with the M-82. Although the tests were passed with a lot of comments, the power plant had to be finalized already in the series. Numerous other modifications were made during production, which included but were not limited to the replacement of the AM-34FRNV engines with Mikulin MA-35's, as well as the replacement of nose turrets with manually operated ShKAS machine guns.
The prototype was built in response to a 1934 requirement, and was powered by four M-105 engines, each producing 1,100 hp and supercharged by a large blower driven by a single M-100 engine in the rear fuselage.
Another prototype was fitted with AM-34FRN engines, but production aircraft were powered by AM-35As, with the ACN-2 supercharging system being deleted from the design.[1] Enemy fighters in the period from 15 to 23 July 1943 shot down four Pe-8 4M-82, and one machine was shot down by anti-aircraft fire.
The reason for this lay in the serious lack of the new Pe-8 with M-82 - the exhaust manifolds of the exhaust gases gave a large and noticeable tongue of flame in the night sky. In August and September, one more Pe-8 was shot down.
As a result, until late autumn, combat flights on the Pe-8 4M-82 were discontinued until effective flame arresters were installed on them. The engines began to be equipped with "fishtail" type flame arresters, proposed by the engineers of the 45th division, by analogy with the flame arresters on Fw 200. The trophy captured at Stalingrad came in handy.
In total, in 1943, the plant produced 18 aircraft with M-82, and by the end of 1944 - 14 aircraft with M-82 and four with ACh-30B diesel engines (in the Pe-8 ON version, of which they finished
and submitted for testing only two cars). The Pe-8 4M-82 troops were quickly and easily mastered, and there were no special comments from the flight and technical personnel either to the OKB or to the plant.
Produced in limited numbers, the Pe-8 was used to bomb Berlin in August 1941. It was also used for so-called "morale raids" designed to raise the spirit of the Soviet people by exposing Axis vulnerabilities. Its primary mission, however, was to attack German airfields, rail yards and other rear-area facilities at night, although one was used to fly the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs (Foreign Minister) Vyacheslav Molotov from Moscow to the United States in 1942.
By the end of the war, most of the surviving aircraft had been withdrawn from combat units. After the war, some were modified as transports for important officials, and a few others were used in various Soviet testing programs.
Some supported the Soviet Arctic operations until the late 1950s.
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